Subsequent work has demonstrated that positive testing is not inherently irrational [austerweil2011seeking, perfors2009confirmation, oeberst_toward_2023]; for instance, when target phenomena are relatively rare, positive testing approximates optimal information gathering [klayman_confirmation_1987]. Bias emerges not from the strategy itself, but from the interaction between the search strategy and the environment [klayman_varieties_1995]. When a learner’s hypothesis is a subset of, or embedded within, the truth, positive testing yields “ambiguous verifications” that the learner mistakes for strong evidence for their hypothesis [klayman_confirmation_1987]. This creates a feedback loop where the search strategy retrieves only confirming data, and the learner fails to account for the fact that they are sampling from a biased subset of reality.
20:26, 3 марта 2026Бывший СССР
，详情可参考搜狗输入法
Экс-посол Британии жестко высказался об агрессии США против Ирана08:51，这一点在91视频中也有详细论述
OpenAI不仅要调停，而且在起范儿，起的是行业领头羊的范儿。
From: Kieran → To: Dan